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Description of this part for the microscope.

immersion operation and with a phase contrast ring.

Manufacturer: Lomo
Model: APO-WI-F 70x1,23
Magnification: 70x
Numerical aperture: 1,23
Correction: Apochromat
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 33 mm
Immersion: yes - water
Cover glass: yes - thickness from 0.10 to 0.20 mm
Markings: APO = Apochromat, WI = water immersion, F = phase contrast
Thread: RMS
Year of production: 1972

Note: to work in phase contrast technology you need a Lomo KF-4 condenser (you can see it in the database under number 00653).

This is a professional microscope objective with a very wide range of applications. The main features that make this objective exceptional:
- water immersion is preferred by many users over oil immersion
- very high numerical aperture, allowing the objective to produce a high resolution image
- cover glass thickness correction ring

Standard biological objectives are designed to achieve the best image quality when the specimen is located under a cover glass with a thickness of 0.17 mm (hence the marking on objectives such as 160/0.17). Unfortunately inexpensive cover glasses often do not undergo strict production control and a single package may contain cover glasses with thicknesses of 0.14 mm or 0.19 mm, which reduces observation sharpness.
Thanks to the built-in cover glass thickness correction ring (abbreviated CGTCR, CGCC or CGCR) the objective can be adjusted for every specimen so that it operates optimally. This works even when the actual thickness of the cover glass is unknown, because the effect is simply visible and the adjustment can be done "by eye".

Although this objective is a so-called "short" objective, meaning with a parfocal length of 33 mm, after adding a 12 mm adapter (you can see it in the database under number 99140) it can be used with newer microscopes designed for objectives with a parfocal length of 45 mm.

The Lomo company produced adapters specifically for these objectives (converters) from RMS thread to M27 thread, which makes them a very attractive option for installation in modern Zeiss Axio series microscopes.

Description of this part for the microscope.

08 160/-
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.08
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

This lens provides an excellent, wide image, and because it doesn't require a cover glass, it's often used for macro photography and stacking.

Important - this lens is not suitable for taking photos using the "direct-projection" technique, as it requires plan-compensation optics.

A microscope objective with such low magnification is used, among others, in the following fields:
- tissue overview examination in pathomorphology
- observation of insects
- observation of minerals
- observation of inclusions in amber
- handwriting analysis
- observation of micromollusks
- and many others

Description of this part for the microscope.

Length: 45 mm
Cover Glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS
Info: Ph = phase contrast

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer, along with a compatible phase contrast condenser. The microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL = 160 mm, FL = 45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

mm
Focal Length: 45 mm
Cover Glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: yes, oil
Thread: RMS
Info: Ph3 = phase contrast

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer, along with a compatible phase contrast condenser. The microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL = 160 mm, FL = 45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

65
Leitz P/N: 519759
Magnification: 40x
Numerical aperture: 0.65
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm
Thread: RMS
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Immersion: no (dry, air)
Info: phase contrast PHACO 2

The same objective model was also sold under the name "Leica" instead of "Leitz" on the housing, so these are in fact identical objectives. This objective also fits Will Wetzlar microscopes.

Description of this part for the microscope.

10x
Correction: Achromat
Numerical aperture: 0.24
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS
Info: PI = polarization-interference objective (red ring).

Compatible with the following PZO condensers:
- PZO KPI 2
- slit condenser
PI objectives are among the components of the PZO UPI set (i.e. the so-called DIC).

VERY IMPORTANT: the marking on the objective is "PI" (in lowercase: "pi"), meaning [P]-polarization [I]-interference.
In many descriptions available on the Internet, you can find information that this is a PLAN objective. This is an ERROR caused by misinterpreting the marking as PL.

Note: another INCORRECT piece of information often found online is that these are DIC objectives. This is not true.
DIC according to Pluta (niem: DIC nach Pluta), sold by PZO, achieves the DIC effect (i.e. a 3D relief image) using standard achromatic PZO objectives (and not only those). Objectives marked PI with a red ring are not required for this.

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer that supports RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

10 160/-
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.10
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

This lens provides an excellent, wide image, and because it doesn't require a cover glass, it's often used for macro photography and stacking.

Important - this lens is not suitable for taking photos using the "direct-projection" technique, as it requires plan-compensation optics.

A microscope objective with such low magnification is used, among others, in the following fields:
- tissue overview examination in pathomorphology
- observation of insects
- observation of minerals
- observation of inclusions in amber
- handwriting analysis
- observation of micromollusks
- and many others

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.25
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

17
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.32
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

17
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.65
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

17
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 1,25
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: yes, oil
Thread: RMS
Info: HI = Homogene Immersion, also oil immersion

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

3x
Model: Semiplan 6.3/0.16 160/-
Color correction: Semi-Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.16
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

This is one of the most commonly used microscope objectives for macro photography and focus stacking.

Important - this objective IS SUITABLE for taking images using the "direct-projection" technique, as it does not require plan-compensating optics.

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

35 160/0.17
Manufacturer part number: 46 05 10-9906 (alternative notation: 460510 - 9906)
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.35
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thickness
Immersion: no (dry objective)
Thread: RMS

Description of this part for the microscope.

65 160/0.17
Manufacturer part number: 46 07 10-9904 (alternative notation: 460710 - 9904)
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.65
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thickness
Immersion: no (dry objective)
Thread: RMS

Description of this part for the microscope.

Wetzlar
Model: 160/0,17 EF 100/1.25 OEL PHACO 3
Magnification: 100x
Correction: semi-plan achromat
Numerical aperture: 1.25
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm
Immersion: yes, oil
Thread: RMS
Specimen protection: yes - spring-loaded
Info: PHACO 3 = phase contrast

Some important information about this objective:
- the designation "EF" means "Extended Field" - this is a semi-plan achromatic objective with an 18 mm field of view, which should be taken into account when selecting suitable eyepieces
- the semi-plan achromatic correction is "almost flat" - it is no longer an achromat, but not yet a plan achromat
- this objective can be used in brightfield, but phase contrast operation requires a compatible phase contrast condenser or a slide (slider) with a phase ring diaphragm
- the designation PHACO 3 means that for phase contrast operation a phase contrast condenser set to ring "3" should be used (the equivalent setting used by Zeiss is called "Ph3")
- this objective can be used with microscopes designed for objectives with a 170 mm tube length, but in such a case the optical path must be extended by 10 mm - most commonly by pulling the eyepieces out of the tubes by 10 mm

This objective can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer together with a compatible phase contrast condenser. Naturally, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. it must support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm and FL=45 mm - or have adapters that make such adaptation possible (for example thread adapters).

Description of this part for the microscope.

ameters:
Manufacturer: Lomo
Model: PLAN 25x0.50 P
Original designation: ЛОМО ПЛАН 25х0,50 П
Magnification: 25x
Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.50
Tube length: 160 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thickness
Immersion oil: no - this is a dry objective
Focal length: 45 mm
Thread type: RMS
Additional designation: P (Cyrillic: П) indicates that this objective is designed for use with polarized light
Special features: built-in iris diaphragm
Year of manufacture: 1976

This objective has a standard RMS thread and TL=160 mm, which means it can be used with the vast majority of microscopes from virtually any manufacturer, including Olympus, Zeiss, Nikon, PZO, Carl Zeiss Jena, Reichert, Wild and many others.

The built-in iris diaphragm allows, among other things, precise centering of the objective, because in a polarizing microscope the following diaphragms may operate simultaneously:
- field diaphragm in the illuminator
- aperture diaphragm (or two aperture diaphragms) in the condenser
- iris diaphragm in the microscope objective
- iris diaphragm in the eyepiece head
and accurate centering of all of them relative to each other is very important in polarized-light observations.

Objectives marked "P" / "Pol" feature a special construction in which the lenses are mounted and cemented in a way that prevents mechanical stress. They can be used both for conventional brightfield microscopy and for observations in polarized light.

Description of this part for the microscope.

3x
Model: Semiplan 6.3/0.16 160/-
Serial number: 039 562 (039562)
Color correction: Semi-Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.16
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

This is one of the most commonly used microscope objectives for macro photography and focus stacking.

Important - this objective IS SUITABLE for taking images using the "direct-projection" technique, as it does not require plan-compensating optics.

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

Göttingen
Magnification: 50x
Optical correction: achromat
Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.82
Parfocal length: 37 mm
Tube length: 170 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thick
Immersion: no - this is a dry objective
Thread: RMS

This is a so-called "short barrel" objective with a parfocal length of 37 mm. It is very often mounted on an 8 mm extension, which allows it to be used in microscopes that require 45 mm (long barrel) objectives. Professional adapters with protective optics, metal adapters and popular DIY 3D-printed adapters all work well for this.

The company "Dr. G. Schuchardt Göttingen" did not manufacture microscopes and does not manufacture them today. In the past it mainly sold microscopes made by Hertel & Reuss and Will Wetzlar under its own brand, today its products are imported from China.

This objective fits virtually any microscope from any manufacturer, as long as it has an RMS thread and accepts objectives for TL = 170 mm with a parfocal length of 33 or 37 mm (or 45 mm when a suitable adapter is used). Several example microscopes are listed in the "Compatibility" section, but the list is not complete.

Description of this part for the microscope.

Göttingen
Magnification: 5x
Optical correction: achromat
Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.10
Parfocal length: 37 mm
Tube length: 170 mm
Cover glass: not critical - objectives with such low magnification work both with and without a cover glass
Immersion: no - this is a dry objective
Thread: RMS

This is a so-called "short barrel" objective with a parfocal length of 37 mm. It is very often mounted on an 8 mm extension, which allows it to be used in microscopes that require 45 mm (long barrel) objectives. Professional adapters with protective optics, metal adapters and popular DIY 3D-printed adapters all work well for this.

The company "Dr. G. Schuchardt Göttingen" did not manufacture microscopes and does not manufacture them today. In the past it mainly sold microscopes made by Hertel & Reuss and Will Wetzlar under its own brand, today its products are imported from China.

This objective fits virtually any microscope from any manufacturer, as long as it has an RMS thread and accepts objectives for TL = 170 mm with a parfocal length of 33 or 37 mm (or 45 mm when a suitable adapter is used). Several example microscopes are listed in the "Compatibility" section, but the list is not complete.

Description of this part for the microscope.

for inverted and upright biological microscopes, made in Japan.

Basic objective parameters:
Manufacturer: Nikon, Japan
Model: Ph3 40 DL 0.55 LWD 160/0-2
Magnification: 40x
Numerical aperture (N.A.): 0.55
Optical correction: achromat
Phase contrast: Ph3 DL - Ph3 indicates the size of the phase ring (requires a matching Ph3 annulus in the condenser), DL (Dark Low) means dark, i.e. positive phase contrast - the object appears darker than the background
Working distance (WD): ~2.1 - 2.5 mm - LWD (Long Working Distance)
Correction collar: compensates for cover glass or vessel bottom thickness in the range 0 - 2.0 mm
Cover glass: the objective can be used without a cover glass, with a standard cover glass approx. 0.17 mm thick, and also with specimens observed through the bottom of a Petri dish up to 2.0 mm thick
Immersion: no (dry objective)
Tube length: 160 mm
Parfocal length: 45 mm
Thread: RMS
Optics: CF (Nikon CF-160) - requires no compensating eyepiece and allows photography by direct projection

This objective is suitable for:
- inverted microscopes - observation through the bottom of a Petri dish or cell culture flask
- upright biological microscopes - observation of specimens with or without a cover glass

Phase contrast work requires a compatible phase contrast condenser or a slider with a phase contrast annulus.

Commonly used, inexpensive cover glasses are 0.17 mm thick mainly in theory. Even the standard for class #1.5 allows a range of 0.16 - 0.19 mm, and in cheap Chinese cover glasses you will find in practice pieces from approx. 0.13 to 0.25 mm, often not matching the thickness stated on the box. Only #1.5H (high precision) cover glasses have a guaranteed thickness of 0.170 mm with a tolerance of +/- 0.005 mm. Variation in cover glass thickness clearly degrades image contrast and resolution (spherical aberration). The correction collar fitted to the objective offered here lets you adjust the optics to the combined thickness of the cover glass and the medium layer beneath it. This compensates for most of the variation found in practice.

In addition, the correction collar of this objective can be set to "0" for work without a cover glass, or to large values (up to 2.0 mm) to adapt the optics to observation through a microscope slide (0.8 - 1.2 mm), a glass Petri dish (usually 1.5 - 2.0 mm - thicker dishes are outside the collar range) or a plastic Petri dish (usually approx. 1 mm, in the range 0.8 - 1.2 mm).

This objective fits practically any microscope from any manufacturer, provided it has an RMS thread and uses objectives for 160 mm tube length with a parfocal length of 33, 37 or 45 mm. Some example microscopes are listed in the "compatibility" section, but the list is not complete.

Description of this part for the microscope.

100x
Colour correction: achromatic
Model: E. 100 1.25 oil 160/0.17
Numerical aperture N.A.: 1.25
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thick
Thread: RMS
Tube length: 160 mm
Parfocal length: 45 mm (long barrel objective)
Immersion: yes, oil
Operating mode: objectives marked "E." are already CF objectives (CFN to be precise) and need no additional correction

This objective needs no additional correction from a tube lens or from the eyepieces. That makes it possible to fit it to microscopes of other makes, and in photomicrography it works in direct projection mode (it throws the image straight onto the camera sensor, with no relay optics needed).

This is the so-called black series of objectives, named after the black plastic barrel. They were used mainly in the Nikon Alphaphot YS2 microscope. That was the period when manufacturers were experimenting with a new look for microscope parts, and exactly the same black series appeared for instance in the Leitz / Leica HM-LUX 3 microscope or in the Will Wetzlar V300 / V355 / V365 microscopes.

This objective fits practically any microscope of any make, provided it has an RMS thread and supports objectives with TL = 160 mm and parfocal lengths of 33 / 37 and 45 mm. A few such microscopes are listed in the "compatibility" section, but that list is not complete.

Description of this part for the microscope.

correction: achromatic
Model: E 40 0.65 160/0.17
Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.65
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thick
Thread: RMS
Tube length: 160 mm
Parfocal length: 45 mm (long barrel objective)
Immersion: no
Operating mode: objectives marked "E." are already CF objectives (CFN to be precise) and need no additional correction

This objective needs no additional correction from a tube lens or from the eyepieces. That makes it possible to fit it to microscopes of other makes, and in photomicrography it works in direct projection mode (it throws the image straight onto the camera sensor, with no relay optics needed).

This is the so-called black series of objectives, named after the black plastic barrel. They were used mainly in the Nikon Alphaphot YS2 microscope. That was the period when manufacturers were experimenting with a new look for microscope parts, and exactly the same black series appeared for instance in the Leitz / Leica HM-LUX 3 microscope or in the Will Wetzlar V300 / V355 / V365 microscopes.

This objective fits practically any microscope of any make, provided it has an RMS thread and supports objectives with TL = 160 mm and parfocal lengths of 33 / 37 and 45 mm. A few such microscopes are listed in the "compatibility" section, but that list is not complete.

Description of this part for the microscope.

objective:
Manufacturer: Zeiss West Germany
Engraving on the objective: Planapo 63/1,4 Oel 160/-
Manufacturer catalogue number: 46 18 40 - 9901 (also written as 461840-9901)
Magnification: 63x
Numerical aperture (N.A.): 1.4
Optical correction: plan-apochromatic
Immersion: yes, oil
Coverslip: according to the engraving on the barrel of this objective, it can be used both without a coverslip and with a standard coverslip of 0.17 mm thickness
Tube length: 160 mm
Parfocal distance: 45 mm
Thread: RMS
Specimen protection: yes, the objective has a spring-loaded mechanism preventing the slide with the specimen from being broken
Phase contrast: no - the objective has no phase rings inside
DIC: prisms allowing work in DIC mode are available on the market for this objective (sold separately)

This objective fits practically any microscope of any manufacturer, provided it has an RMS thread and accepts objectives for a 160 mm tube length with a parfocal distance of 33, 37 or 45 mm. A few such microscopes are listed as examples in the "compatibility" section, but this is not a complete list.