Home page of the microscope service parts, repair and spare parts online catalog - Sermik-Oplatek Mikroskopservice Dresden f.n.n.Z

Description of this part for the microscope.

removed from a Biolam microscope. If (unfortunately) you decide to 3D print it, you can find it here .

Description of this part for the microscope.

P3, P4, P5, and P6

"P" written in Cyrillic is the Latin "R," so you might see it written as:
- Lomo Biolam R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6

...and, of course, the above models sold in Western Europe as "Bresser Biolam" and in the UK as "Zenith."

Here is a table comparing the models.

NOTE: This mechanism does not fit models where the fine movement is controlled by a knob built into the microscope base.

Description of this part for the microscope.

P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6

"P" written in Cyrillic is the Latin "R," so you might see it written as:
- Lomo Biolam R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6

...and, of course, the above models sold in Western Europe as "Bresser Biolam" and in the UK as "Zenith."

Here is a table comparing the models.

NOTE: This mechanism does not fit models where the fine movement is controlled by a knob built into the microscope base.

Description of this part for the microscope.

removed from a MBP-3 microscope. If (unfortunately) you decide to 3D print it, you can find it here .

Description of this part for the microscope.

where the letter "H" corresponds to the Latin "N". This means that the model name written in the Latin alphabet is KON-3, where "KON" is simply an abbreviation of the word condenser.

Basic data:
- Element: Abbe microscope condenser
- Manufacturer: Lomo
- Manufacturer designation: KOH-3
- Numerical aperture: 1.2
- Numerical aperture with top lens removed: 0.3
- Mounting diameter: 37 mm
- Iris diaphragm: YES
- Wide-field lens: YES, with the possibility of moving it into / out of the light path
- filter holder: YES

This condenser also fits microscopes from other manufacturers (e.g. Meopta, Olympus, Carl Zeiss Jena and many others) with a 37 mm condenser mount.

Important: Although the mounting diameter of the KOH-3 condenser is 37 mm, the top lens slightly protrudes beyond the condenser body. For this reason, in some cases installation requires the following steps:
- unscrew the top lens
- install the condenser in the holder
- screw the top lens back in

Note: If you use this condenser with a microscope from a manufacturer other than Lomo, please note that:
- the filter holder is designed for filters with a diameter of 33 mm
- while most manufacturers use the 32 mm standard diameter
As a result, 32 mm filters cannot be used in the KOH-3 condenser without modification - they simply fall out because the holder diameter is too large.

Description of this part for the microscope.

black Carl Zeiss Jena microscopes
- Nf
- Ng
- Lg
- Lr
- Lu
- Lumipan

as well as newer, gray Carl Zeiss Jena
- Ergaval
- Amplival
- Fluoval
- Epival
- Interphako
- Vertival
- and other variants

and
- Lomo Biolam
- Bresser Biolam
- Lomo MBB-1A
- Lomo MBI-1
- Lomo MBR-3
- and some IOR Bucuresti

have an interchangeable objective turret.

This is an excellent solution for owning, using, and quickly replacing entire sets of objectives.

For example, you can have separate turrets already equipped with a complete set of objectives:
- low magnification for observing macro objects with side illumination, without a cover glass (e.g., 2.5x / 3.2x / 5x / 8x / 10x)
- for phase contrast
- for various phase contrasts (positive, anoptral, amplitude, Zernike)
- for DIC
- for water immersion (e.g., Lomo)
- all for oil immersion (e.g., Leitz 10x Oil / 25x Oil / 40x Oil / 100x Oil)
- apochromatic for better color
- for polarization
- only high magnifications, e.g., for analyzing cell wall ornamentation (50x / 63x / 80x / 100x)
- for darkfield work (objectives with an iris diaphragm in the center)

Therefore, having only one microscope we can use it for different purposes and not screw in and unscrew all the lenses manually each time.

This is the newest, matte version of the objective revolver. If you're looking for the glossy version, see here: https://www.microscopeparts.eu/00736.

Description of this part for the microscope.

08 160/-
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.08
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

This lens provides an excellent, wide image, and because it doesn't require a cover glass, it's often used for macro photography and stacking.

Important - this lens is not suitable for taking photos using the "direct-projection" technique, as it requires plan-compensation optics.

A microscope objective with such low magnification is used, among others, in the following fields:
- tissue overview examination in pathomorphology
- observation of insects
- observation of minerals
- observation of inclusions in amber
- handwriting analysis
- observation of micromollusks
- and many others

Description of this part for the microscope.

Length: 33 mm
Cover Glass: 0.17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. The microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL = 160 mm, FL = 33 mm.

After installing the 12 mm adapter, this objective lens will have FL = 45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

Length: 45 mm
Cover Glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS
Info: Ph = phase contrast

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer, along with a compatible phase contrast condenser. The microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL = 160 mm, FL = 45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

mm
Focal Length: 45 mm
Cover Glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: yes, oil
Thread: RMS
Info: Ph3 = phase contrast

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer, along with a compatible phase contrast condenser. The microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL = 160 mm, FL = 45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

microscope from any manufacturer that allows the use of eyepieces with a mounting diameter of 23.2 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

10x
Correction: Achromat
Numerical aperture: 0.24
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS
Info: PI = polarization-interference objective (red ring).

Compatible with the following PZO condensers:
- PZO KPI 2
- slit condenser
PI objectives are among the components of the PZO UPI set (i.e. the so-called DIC).

VERY IMPORTANT: the marking on the objective is "PI" (in lowercase: "pi"), meaning [P]-polarization [I]-interference.
In many descriptions available on the Internet, you can find information that this is a PLAN objective. This is an ERROR caused by misinterpreting the marking as PL.

Note: another INCORRECT piece of information often found online is that these are DIC objectives. This is not true.
DIC according to Pluta (niem: DIC nach Pluta), sold by PZO, achieves the DIC effect (i.e. a 3D relief image) using standard achromatic PZO objectives (and not only those). Objectives marked PI with a red ring are not required for this.

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer that supports RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

On the condenser, the model name is written in Cyrillic and looks similar to ON-14.

The Lomo OI-14 condenser has a removable (unscrewable) top lens:
- A1.4 with high aperture, for use with objectives with high numerical aperture (which corresponds to high magnifications, it can be assumed above 40x)
- A0.3 with low aperture, for use with low magnification objectives

Although it is possible to work with low magnification objectives (e.g. 5x or 10x) using a condenser with the A1.4 lens installed - the image is too "sharp" and contrasty. In this case, replacing the lens with A0.3 allows obtaining a pastel, soft and visually pleasant image.

Since the Lomo OI-14 condenser has been produced since the 1960s, over the years this additional lens has very often been lost and most condensers available on the secondary market have only one - most often A1.4.

The Lomo OI-14 condenser has a mounting diameter of 37 mm, but since it is very popular among microscope users, an extension ring is often used, allowing it to be mounted in microscopes with a 39.5 mm condenser holder. This condenser fits microscopes from various manufacturers: Lomo, PZO, Zeiss, Carl Zeiss Jena, Meopta, IOR, Olympus, ROW, Nikon, Leitz Wetzlar and many others.

Description of this part for the microscope.

10 160/-
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.10
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

This lens provides an excellent, wide image, and because it doesn't require a cover glass, it's often used for macro photography and stacking.

Important - this lens is not suitable for taking photos using the "direct-projection" technique, as it requires plan-compensation optics.

A microscope objective with such low magnification is used, among others, in the following fields:
- tissue overview examination in pathomorphology
- observation of insects
- observation of minerals
- observation of inclusions in amber
- handwriting analysis
- observation of micromollusks
- and many others

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.25
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

17
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.32
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

17
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.65
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

17
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 1,25
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0,17 mm
Immersion: yes, oil
Thread: RMS
Info: HI = Homogene Immersion, also oil immersion

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

eyepieces can be used with microscopes from any manufacturer, as long as the microscope supports eyepieces with a mounting diameter of 23.2 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

microscopes from any manufacturer, as long as the microscope supports eyepieces with a mounting diameter of 23.2 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

3x
Model: Semiplan 6.3/0.16 160/-
Color correction: Semi-Planachromat
Numerical aperture: 0.16
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: no
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

This is one of the most commonly used microscope objectives for macro photography and focus stacking.

Important - this objective IS SUITABLE for taking images using the "direct-projection" technique, as it does not require plan-compensating optics.

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL=160 mm, FL=45 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

Manufacturer: Lomo
Magnification: 20x
Model: 20 0.40 P
Numerical aperture: 0.40
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 33 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm
Thread: RMS + Pol adapter
Info: P = Polarization

This is an objective designed for transmitted light work with a cover glass.

The RMS thread objective is mounted on a dedicated slide-in adapter that allows it to be used in Lomo MIN series and Lomo Polam series microscopes. Of course, the objective can be unscrewed and another objective can be mounted in the adapter.

The objective itself, once removed from the adapter, is a standard objective that can be used in virtually any microscope with an RMS thread. It is a so-called "short objective" (focal length 33 mm). When a 12 mm adapter is added, the total length becomes 45 mm, allowing it to be used with newer microscopes from any manufacturer.

Lomo polarization objectives with RMS thread can be installed in an RMS-M27 adapter and then used in microscopes such as Lomo Biolam M, Lomo Biolam I, Lomo Lumam, or Lomo ML-2. I have also frequently seen such objectives used in Zeiss Axio series microscopes with M27 thread.

The Pol adapter also allows precise centering of the objective relative to the entire optical path - this requires tools (keys / tools).

Info: I have repeatedly seen information stating that this RMS-Pol adapter is compatible with Leitz Wetzlar polarization microscopes - however, I have not personally verified this.

In summary, this objective is dedicated to Lomo MIN-1, MIN-4, MIN-5, MIN-6, MIN-8, Lomo Polam R-113, Polam L-211, Polam L-213, Polam R-311, Polam LMPR microscopes - but it is practically compatible with any microscope from any manufacturer that supports 160 mm objectives.

Description of this part for the microscope.

Note - this model of microscope objective is very often used for macro photography and focus stacking. More information on this can be found at the end of this description.

Manufacturer: Lomo
Magnification: 9x
Model: PLANACHR 9x0.20 P
Numerical aperture: 0.20
Optical correction: planachromatic (flat field)
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 33 mm
Cover glass: optional, can be used but is not required
Thread: RMS + Pol adapter
Info: P = Polarization

The RMS thread objective is mounted on a dedicated slide-in adapter that allows it to be used in Lomo MIN series and Lomo Polam series microscopes. Of course, the objective can be unscrewed and another objective can be mounted into the adapter.

The objective itself, once removed from the adapter, is a standard objective that can be used in virtually any microscope with an RMS thread. It is a so-called "short objective" (focal length 33 mm). When a 12 mm adapter is added, the total length becomes 45 mm, allowing it to be used with newer microscopes from any manufacturer.

Lomo polarization objectives with RMS thread can be installed in an RMS-M27 adapter and then used in microscopes such as Lomo Biolam M, Lomo Biolam I, Lomo Lumam, or Lomo ML-2. I have also frequently seen such objectives used in Zeiss Axio series microscopes with M27 thread.

The Pol adapter also allows precise centering of the objective relative to the entire optical path - this requires tools (keys / tools).

Info: I have repeatedly seen information stating that this RMS-Pol adapter is compatible with Leitz Wetzlar polarization microscopes - however, I have not personally verified this.

In summary, this objective is dedicated to Lomo MIN-1, MIN-4, MIN-5, MIN-6, MIN-8, Lomo Polam R-113, Polam L-211, Polam L-213, Polam R-311, Polam LMPR microscopes - but it is practically compatible with any microscope from any manufacturer that supports 160 mm objectives.

Additionally, this objective is very often used for macro photography even without a microscope. This objective does not require a cover glass and works in the "direct-projection" technique, meaning it can be connected directly to a camera without additional optics. This allows achieving a very high magnification scale and great depth of field across the entire image when using focus stacking. The fact that this is a polarization objective (i.e. stress-free optics without internal glass tensions) further improves image quality at high magnifications.

Description of this part for the microscope.

Note - this model of microscope objective is very often used for macro photography and focus stacking. More information on this can be found at the end of this description.

Manufacturer: Lomo
Magnification: 3,7x
Model: 3,7 0,11
Numerical aperture: 0.11
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 33 mm
Cover glass: optional, can be used but is not required
Thread: RMS + Pol adapter
Info: P = Polarization

The RMS thread objective is mounted on a dedicated slide-in adapter that allows it to be used in Lomo MIN series and Lomo Polam series microscopes. Of course, the objective can be unscrewed and another objective can be mounted into the adapter.

The objective itself, once removed from the adapter, is a standard objective that can be used in virtually any microscope with an RMS thread. It is a so-called "short objective" (focal length 33 mm). When a 12 mm adapter is added, the total length becomes 45 mm, allowing it to be used with newer microscopes from any manufacturer.

Lomo polarization objectives with RMS thread can be installed in an RMS-M27 adapter and then used in microscopes such as Lomo Biolam M, Lomo Biolam I, Lomo Lumam, or Lomo ML-2. I have also frequently seen such objectives used in Zeiss Axio series microscopes with M27 thread.

The Pol adapter also allows precise centering of the objective relative to the entire optical path - this requires tools (keys / tools).

Info: I have repeatedly seen information stating that this RMS-Pol adapter is compatible with Leitz Wetzlar polarization microscopes - however, I have not personally verified this.

In summary, this objective is dedicated to Lomo MIN-1, MIN-4, MIN-5, MIN-6, MIN-8, Lomo Polam R-113, Polam L-211, Polam L-213, Polam R-311, Polam LMPR microscopes - but it is practically compatible with any microscope from any manufacturer that supports 160 mm objectives.

Additionally, this objective is very often used for macro photography even without a microscope. This objective does not require a cover glass and works in the "direct-projection" technique, meaning it can be connected directly to a camera without additional optics. This allows achieving a very high magnification scale and great depth of field across the entire image when using focus stacking. The fact that this is a polarization objective (i.e. stress-free optics without internal glass tensions) further improves image quality at high magnifications. Info: https://www.closeuphotography.com/lomo-3-7x-objective/2017/12/24/lomo-37x-011-microscope-objective

Description of this part for the microscope.

Poland
- Model: 5/0.15 160/-
- Alternative model marking: 5/0.15 160/0
- Magnification: 5x
- Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.15
- Correction: achromatic
- Focal length FL: 33 mm
- Tube length: 160 mm
- Cover glass: not required, but may be used
- Immersion: no (dry objective)
- Thread: RMS

This model has a metal housing with no lens at its end. Additionally, this housing can be unscrewed without affecting the operation of the objective - resulting in a relatively large working distance of more than 20 mm.

Three features:
- large working distance exceeding 20 mm
- exceptionally high numerical aperture N.A. of 0.15
- achromatic correction allowing direct projection use
make this relatively uncommon model very frequently chosen for macro photography using a microscope objective connected to a camera (focus stacking).

The fact that this objective has FL = 33 mm allows it to be used with microscopes from other manufacturers, including:
- Lomo Biolam
- Lomo MBB-1A
- Carl Zeiss Jena LG / Lu / Lumipan
- Carl Zeiss Jena Nf
- Olympus CH

Note! Please note that the FL = 33 mm focal length means that this objective DOES NOT FIT the following microscopes:
- PZO Biolar
- PZO Studar

Early versions of this objective (with low serial numbers) have the engraved marking 5/0.15 160/0 suggesting that the objective is intended for use without a cover glass. This is true, but more precisely this objective can work both without a cover glass and with one. In newer versions the engraving already reads 5/0.15 160/- where this "minus" already means "indifferent".

Description of this part for the microscope.

mm
Cover Glass: 0.17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. The microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL = 160 mm, FL = 33 mm.

After installing the 12 mm adapter, this objective lens will have FL = 45 mm.

The fact that this objective has FL = 33 mm allows it to be used with microscopes from other manufacturers, including:
- Lomo Biolam
- Lomo MBB-1A
- PZO MB-10
- Olympus CH

Description of this part for the microscope.

Length: 33 mm
Cover Glass: 0.17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. The microscope must be compatible, meaning it supports RMS objectives, TL = 160 mm, FL = 33 mm.

After installing the 12 mm adapter, this objective lens will have FL = 45 mm.

The fact that this objective has FL = 33 mm allows it to be used with microscopes from other manufacturers, including:
- Carl Zeiss Jena Lg
- Carl Zeiss Jena Lumipan
- Lomo Biolam
- Lomo MBB-1A
- PZO MB-10
- Nikon S
- Olympus KHC

Description of this part for the microscope.

magnification is very often used as a projection eyepiece for microphotography.

This eyepiece works with any microscope from any manufacturer that allows the use of eyepieces with a mounting diameter of 23.2 mm.

Description of this part for the microscope.

any microscope from any manufacturer that allows the use of eyepieces with a mounting diameter of 23.2 mm.

The company "Dr. G. Schuchardt Göttingen" did not and does not produce microscopes. Previously, it primarily sold microscopes manufactured by Hertel & Reuss and Will Wetzlar under its own brand.

Description of this part for the microscope.

35 160/0.17
Manufacturer part number: 46 05 10-9906 (alternative notation: 460510 - 9906)
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.35
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thickness
Immersion: no (dry objective)
Thread: RMS

Description of this part for the microscope.

65 160/0.17
Manufacturer part number: 46 07 10-9904 (alternative notation: 460710 - 9904)
Color correction: Planachromat
Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.65
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thickness
Immersion: no (dry objective)
Thread: RMS

Description of this part for the microscope.

17
Magnification: 40x
Correction: Achromat
Numerical aperture: 0.65
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 33 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thickness
Immersion: no (dry objective)
Thread: RMS

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, meaning it must support RMS objectives with TL=160 mm and FL=33 mm. After installing a 12 mm adapter, this objective can of course also be used in microscopes designed for FL=45 mm.

The fact that this objective has FL = 33 mm (meaning it is a so-called short objective) allows it to be used with microscopes from other manufacturers, including:
- Carl Zeiss Jena Lg
- Carl Zeiss Jena Lumipan
- Lomo Biolam
- Lomo MBB-1A
- PZO MB-10
- Nikon S
- Olympus KHC

Description of this part for the microscope.

although incorrectly, referred to as "Lomo")
Model: 20 0,40
Magnification: 20x
Correction: Achromat
Numerical aperture: 0.40
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 33 mm
Cover glass: 0.17 mm
Immersion: no
Thread: RMS
Serial number: 01234

It can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer. Of course, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm and FL=33 mm.

After installing a 12 mm adapter, this combination of adapter and objective will function as an objective with FL=45 mm.

This objective is attractive mainly to collectors because:
- there are very few microscope objectives with the LZOS logo on the secondary market
- the objective has a so-called "golden serial number": 01234

Description of this part for the microscope.

Wetzlar
Model: 160/0,17 EF 100/1.25 OEL PHACO 3
Magnification: 100x
Correction: semi-plan achromat
Numerical aperture: 1.25
Tube length: 160 mm
Focal length: 45 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm
Immersion: yes, oil
Thread: RMS
Specimen protection: yes - spring-loaded
Info: PHACO 3 = phase contrast

Some important information about this objective:
- the designation "EF" means "Extended Field" - this is a semi-plan achromatic objective with an 18 mm field of view, which should be taken into account when selecting suitable eyepieces
- the semi-plan achromatic correction is "almost flat" - it is no longer an achromat, but not yet a plan achromat
- this objective can be used in brightfield, but phase contrast operation requires a compatible phase contrast condenser or a slide (slider) with a phase ring diaphragm
- the designation PHACO 3 means that for phase contrast operation a phase contrast condenser set to ring "3" should be used (the equivalent setting used by Zeiss is called "Ph3")
- this objective can be used with microscopes designed for objectives with a 170 mm tube length, but in such a case the optical path must be extended by 10 mm - most commonly by pulling the eyepieces out of the tubes by 10 mm

This objective can be used with any microscope from any manufacturer together with a compatible phase contrast condenser. Naturally, the microscope must be compatible, i.e. it must support RMS objectives, TL=160 mm and FL=45 mm - or have adapters that make such adaptation possible (for example thread adapters).

Description of this part for the microscope.

ameters:
Manufacturer: Lomo
Model: PLAN 25x0.50 P
Original designation: ЛОМО ПЛАН 25х0,50 П
Magnification: 25x
Numerical aperture N.A.: 0.50
Tube length: 160 mm
Cover glass: yes, 0.17 mm thickness
Immersion oil: no - this is a dry objective
Focal length: 45 mm
Thread type: RMS
Additional designation: P (Cyrillic: П) indicates that this objective is designed for use with polarized light
Special features: built-in iris diaphragm
Year of manufacture: 1976

This objective has a standard RMS thread and TL=160 mm, which means it can be used with the vast majority of microscopes from virtually any manufacturer, including Olympus, Zeiss, Nikon, PZO, Carl Zeiss Jena, Reichert, Wild and many others.

The built-in iris diaphragm allows, among other things, precise centering of the objective, because in a polarizing microscope the following diaphragms may operate simultaneously:
- field diaphragm in the illuminator
- aperture diaphragm (or two aperture diaphragms) in the condenser
- iris diaphragm in the microscope objective
- iris diaphragm in the eyepiece head
and accurate centering of all of them relative to each other is very important in polarized-light observations.

Objectives marked "P" / "Pol" feature a special construction in which the lenses are mounted and cemented in a way that prevents mechanical stress. They can be used both for conventional brightfield microscopy and for observations in polarized light.